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  1. General Info
  2. Source Info
  3. Effects Info
  4. Reference
Phytochemical Details
01. General Information
Name Ginsenoside Rh2
PubChem CID 119307
Molecular Weight 622.9g/mol
Synonyms

ginsenoside Rh2, ginsenoside-Rh2

Formula C₃₆H₆₂O₈
SMILES CC(=CCCC(C)(C1CCC2(C1C(CC3C2(CCC4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)O)C)O)C
InChI 1S/C36H62O8/c1-20(2)10-9-14-36(8,42)21-11-16-35(7)27(21)22(38)18-25-33(5)15-13-26(32(3,4)24(33)12-17-34(25,35)6)44-31-30(41)29(40)28(39)23(19-37)43-31/h10,21-31,37-42H,9,11-19H2,1-8H3/t21-,22+,23+,24-,25+,26-,27-,28+,29-,30+,31-,33-,34+,35+,36-/m0/s1
InChIKey CKUVNOCSBYYHIS-IRFFNABBSA-N
CAS Number 78214-33-2
ChEMBL ID CHEMBL1783834
ChEBI ID CHEBI:77147
KEGG ID C22128
Structure 2D-img
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2D MOL 3D MOL
02. Source Information of Phytochemical
Panax ginseng Warm
Chineses Pinyin RenShen
Use Part Root
Habitat JiLin, LiaoNing, HeiLongJiang
Flavor Sweet; Slightly Bitter
Meridian Tropism Spleen; Lung; Heart; Kidney
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
 -->Phylum: Streptophyta
  -->Class: Equisetopsida
   -->Order: Apiales
    -->Family: Araliaceae
     -->Genus: Panax
      -->Species: Panax ginseng
03. Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect(s)
Synergistic Effect
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Drug(s) whose efficacy can be enhanced by this phytochemical
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Combination Pair ID: 202
Pair Name Ginsenoside Rh2, Gemcitabine
Partner Name Gemcitabine
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C10] Pancreatic cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Immunomodulatory
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression BAX hsa581
Up-regulation Expression BCL10 hsa8915
Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Up-regulation Expression CARD9 hsa64170
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3 hsa836
Up-regulation Expression MALT1 hsa10892
Up-regulation Expression NFKB1 hsa4790
In Vitro Model Panc02 Mouse pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Mus musculus (Mouse) CVCL_D627
PANC-1 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0480
In Vivo Model Orthotopic mouse model: Panc02 cells engineered to stably express firefly luciferase (1×10⁶) were mixed in an equal volume of Matrigel and were injected into the tail of pancreas of each mouse.
Result Rh2 activation of DCs may remodel the cold TIME and optimize GEM chemotherapy for future therapeutic use.
Combination Pair ID: 685
Pair Name Ginsenoside Rh2, Sodium selenite
Partner Name Sodium selenite
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B91] Colorectal cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Blockade of cell cycle in G1/S phase
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression BAX hsa581
Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Up-regulation Expression CASP3 hsa836
In Vitro Model HCT 116 Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0291
Result Sodium selenite and G-Rh2 combination have a synergistic effect on cell growth inhibition (57%) compared with sodium selenite (25%) and G-Rh2 alone (28%) after 24 hours of treatment
Combination Pair ID: 1017
Pair Name Ginsenoside Rh2, Anti-PD-L1 antibody
Partner Name Anti-PD-L1 antibody
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2A00-2F9Z] Solid tumour or cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Immunomodulatory
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression IRF1 hsa3659
Up-regulation Phosphorylation IRF3 hsa3661
Up-regulation Phosphorylation STAT1 hsa6772
Up-regulation Phosphorylation TBK1 hsa29110
In Vitro Model MC-38 Mouse colon adenocarcinoma Mus musculus (Mouse) CVCL_B288
CT26 Mouse colon adenocarcinoma Mus musculus (Mouse) CVCL_7254
4T1 Malignant neoplasms of the mouse mammary gland Mus musculus (Mouse) CVCL_0125
In Vivo Model The right flank of C57BL/6 mice were received with the subcutaneous injection of 1×10⁶ MC38 cells,2.5×105 4T1 cells or 1×10⁶ CT26 cells were subcutaneously injected into the right flank of BALB/c mice.
Result These findings demonstrated that Rh2 potentiated the anti-cancer effect of PD-L1 blockade via promoting the T cells infiltration and activation, which shed a new light on the combination strategy to enhance anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy by using natural product Rh2.
Drug(s) whose toxicity can be decreased by this phytochemical
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Combination Pair ID: 207
Pair Name Ginsenoside Rh2, Doxorubicin
Partner Name Doxorubicin
Disease Info [ICD-11:2D40] Ehrlich's adenocarcinoma Investigative
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression NFE2L2 hsa4780
In Vivo Model CD-1 albino mice were inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 0.5 mL PBS containing 3×10⁶ cells of Ehrlich’s adenocarcinoma (cells were derived from 7-day-old tumor re-transplanted into CD-1 mice).
Result Rh2-induced direct activation of Nrf2 might provide additional benefits by minimizing DOX toxicity towards non-cancerous cells.
04. Reference
No. Title Href
1 Probable Mechanisms of Doxorubicin Antitumor Activity Enhancement by Ginsenoside Rh2. Molecules. 2022 Jan 19;27(3):628. doi: 10.3390/molecules27030628. Click
2 The combination of gemcitabine and ginsenoside Rh2 enhances the immune function of dendritic cells against pancreatic cancer via the CARD9-BCL10-MALT1 / NF-κB pathway. Clin Immunol. 2023 Mar;248:109217. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109217. Click
3 Combined Effect of Sodium Selenite and Ginsenoside Rh2 on HCT116 Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. Arch Iran Med. 2016 Jan;19(1):23-9. Click
4 Ginsenoside Rh2 augmented anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy by reinvigorating CD8+ T cells via increasing intratumoral CXCL10. Pharmacol Res. 2023 Dec;198:106988. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106988. Click
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